TITLE: 기도를 계속하고 기도에 감사함으로 깨어 있으라.(Devote yourselves to prayer, being watchful and thankful.)
경배와 찬양: 369장-죄짐 맡은 우리 구주; 낮엔 해처럼; 370장-주 안에 있는 나에게; 나의 힘이되신 여호와여
RESPONSIVE READINGS: 3번-시편 4편
HYMN: 84장-온 세상이 캄캄하여서; 368장-주 예수여 은혜를
TEXT PASSAGE: 골로새서(Colossians) 4:2-6, [개역개정:NIV]
2.기도를 계속하고 기도에 감사함으로 깨어 있으라 3.또한 우리를 위하여 기도하되 하나님이 전도할 문을 우리에게 열어 주사 그리스도의 비밀을 말하게 하시기를 구하라 내가 이 일 때문에 매임을 당하였노라 4.그리하면 내가 마땅히 할 말로써 이 비밀을 나타내리라 5.외인에게 대해서는 지혜로 행하여 세월을 아끼라 6.너희 말을 항상 은혜 가운데서 소금으로 맛을 냄과 같이 하라 그리하면 각 사람에게 마땅히 대답할 것을 알리라. [NIV] 2.Devote yourselves to prayer, being watchful and thankful. 3.And pray for us, too, that God may open a door for our message, so that we may proclaim the mystery of Christ, for which I am in chains. 4.Pray that I may proclaim it clearly, as I should. 5.Be wise in the way you act toward outsiders; make the most of every opportunity. 6.Let your conversation be always full of grace, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how to answer everyone.
Question: 복음에 무관심한 세상 속에서 우리가 할 일은? - What are we to do in a world indifferent to the gospel?
OUTLINE: 기도를 계속하고 기도에 감사함으로 깨어 있으라.(Devote yourselves to prayer, being watchful and thankful.)
1. 하나님께 기도하라. - Pray to God.
2. 외인에 대해 지혜롭게 행하라. - Act wisely toward strangers.
3. 자신을 돌아 보라. - Take a look at yourself.
INTRODUCTION: [Bystander Effect and Diffusion of Responsibility]
By Udochi Emeghara, published Sept 24, 2020
-The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological theory that states that an individual’s likelihood of helping decreases when passive bystanders are present in an emergency situation.
-The most frequently cited real-life example of the bystander effect regards a young woman called Kitty Genovese, who was murdered in Queens, New York, in 1964, while several of her neighbors looked on. No one intervened until it was too late.
-Latané and Darley (1970) proposed a five-step decision model of helping, during each of which bystanders can decide to do nothing:
1.Notice the event (or in a hurry and not notice).
2.Interpret the situation as an emergency (or assume that as others are not acting, it is not an emergency).
3.Assume responsibility (or assume that others will do this).
4.Know what to do (or not have the skills necessary to help).
5.Decide to help (or worry about danger, legislation, embarrassment, etc.).
-Diffusion of responsibility refers to the tendency to subjectively divide the personal responsibility to help by the number of bystanders present. Bystanders are less likely to intervene in emergency situations as the size of the group increases, as they feel less personal responsibility.
Kitty Genovese: On the morning of March 13, 1964, Kitty Genovese returned to her apartment complex, at 3 am, after finishing her shift at a local bar. After parking her car in a lot adjacent to her apartment building, she began walking the short distance to the entrance, which was located at the back of the building. As she walked, she noticed a figure at the far end of the lot. She shifted directions and headed towards a different street, but the man followed and seized her. As she yelled, neighbors from the apartment building went to the window and watched as he stabbed her. A man from the apartment building yelled down “Let that girl alone!” (New York Times, 1964). Following this, the assailant appeared to have left, but once the lights from the apartments turned off, the perpetrator returned and stabbed Kitty Genovese again. Once again, the lights came on and the windows opened driving the assaulter away from the scene. Unfortunately, the assailant returned and stabbed Catherine Genovese for the final time. The first call to the police came in at 3:50 am and the police arrived in two minutes. When the neighbors were asked why they did not intervene or call the police earlier, some answers were “I didn't want to get involved”; “Frankly, we were afraid”; “I was tired. I went back to bed.” (New York Times, 1964). After this initial report, the case was launched into nationwide attention with various leaders commenting on the apparent “moral decay” of the country.
In response to these claims, Darley and Latané set out to find an alternative explanation.
Decision Model of Helping: Latané & Darley (1970) formulated a five-stage model to explain why bystanders at emergencies sometimes do and sometimes do not offer help. The five stages are:
1The bystander must notice that something is amiss.
2.The bystander must define that situation as an emergency.
3.The bystander must assess how personally responsible they feel.
4.The bystander must decide how best to offer assistance.
5.The bystander must act on that decision.
